Vegan-based Diet bio performance, is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer and mortality - Study 3: Longitudinal trial of Vegan-based Diet in elderly patients (Vegan-based diet group = 68; control group = 35) shows that the vegan-based diet group had significantly lower prostate-specific antigen levels at baseline and at the two-year follow-up Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests The work was funded by the Department of Orthopaedics, Radiology and Anesthesiology, Clinics for Visceral Surgery and Breast Diseases of the School of Medicine at RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. [^1]: Contributions: GK contributed to data analysis and manuscript writing, RW contributed to data collection, KH and WK performed nutritional and metabolic assessments, C-YK contributed to data collection, MJ-T contributed to data collection and study design, AR contributed to project development and funding, SGS contributed to study design and funding, VN contributed to project development and funding, KJF contributed to funding and study design, AP-H contributed to project development and funding. [^2]: Conflict of interest: the authors report no conflicts of interest. [^3]: Ethics approval: This study was approved by the institutional ethics review board of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany (no. 3680). [^4]: Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. [^5]: A: control group; V: vegan-based diet group; BMI: body mass index; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; NRI: nutritional risk index